Enhanced Performance of P3HT: PCBM Organic Solar Cells: Thickness Optimization and Recommendation Analysis

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ABSTRACT

Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on polymer-donor and fullerene-acceptor blends have garnered significant attention due to their cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and ease of fabrication. However, challenges such as low power conversion efficiency (PCE) and poor stability hinder their commercial viability. This study focuses on optimizing the thickness of various layers in a P3HT:PCBM-based OSC with the structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/ZnSe/Al, employing OghmaNano simulation software. Additionally, non-geminate recombination effects and temperature stability were analyzed to understand their impact on device performance. The thickness of the active material (P3HT:PCBM) was varied between 100–300 nm, while transport and electrode layers were optimized to achieve balanced charge transport and effective light absorption. Our results demonstrate that the optimized structure achieved a PCE of 9.60%, with an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.64 V, a short circuit current density (JSC) of 206.70 A/m², and a fill factor (FF) of 72.13%. Moreover, recombination analysis revealed that mitigating non-geminate recombination could significantly enhance device performance. ZnSe was identified as an effective electron transport layer due to its transparency, favorable energy band alignment, and high electron mobility. This study highlights the importance of layer thickness optimization and recombination control in improving the efficiency and stability of OSCs. The findings pave the way for further advancements in OSC technology, potentially bridging the gap toward their commercialization.

Significance of the Study:

The findings emphasize the critical role of layer thickness optimization and recombination control in enhancing the efficiency and stability of OSCs. The study highlights ZnSe’s potential as an effective electron transport layer and underscores the importance of balancing charge transport for high-performance devices. By addressing key challenges like non-geminate recombination and temperature stability, this work provides a pathway for advancing OSCs toward practical, sustainable energy solutions and commercialization.

Summary of the Study:

This study focuses on optimizing the performance of P3HT:PCBM-based organic solar cells (OSCs) by adjusting the thickness of the active layer, transport layers, and electrodes. Using OghmaNano simulation software, the optimized device achieved a PCE of 9.60%, with enhanced VOC, JSC, and FF values. The ZnSe electron transport layer facilitated effective electron collection, while PEDOT:PSS improved hole extraction. Analysis of recombination and temperature stability highlighted the device’s improved efficiency and reliability, paving the way for advancements in OSC technology.