Enhancement of AC Breakdown Voltage of Magneto Nanofluids Incorporating Co3O4 Nanoparticles

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ABSTRACT

Nanofluids have been adopted by power utilities to improve the dielectric capability of transformer oils. The demand for more compact power transformers has driven the need for insulating fluids with enhanced dielectric properties. This study examines the dielectric property of advanced magnetic nanofluids, formulated with synthetic ester oil and mineral oil, under various electric stress conditions. The Cobalt (II, III) oxide (Co₃O₄) nanoparticles were chosen due to the novelty of the Co₃O₄ nanomaterial and its better performance. Nanofluids were prepared using a two-step process, with concentrations of 0.005 wt.%, 0.010 wt.%, and 0.020 wt.% in base oil. The determination of breakdown voltage (BDV) was performed using a Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker (VDE) and spherical-spherical (S-S) electrode system following the IEC 60156 standards. The maximum breakdown voltage is obtained at a particular concentration of nanoparticles for sphere and VDE electrodes. The 12 repetitions were carried out for each set of nanofluid, with BDV measurements noted. The results revealed a significant improvement in the BDV of the nanofluids. Each nanofluid demonstrated maximum % AC BDV enhancement at specific nanoparticle concentrations. The results indicate that the S-S electrode arrangement led to the highest overall improvement for Co₃O₄ in mineral oil, achieving a 16.10% enhancement, and for VDE electrode configuration led to the highest overall improvement for Co₃O₄ in synthetic ester oil, with an 18.76% enhancement.

Significance of the Study:

This study highlights the transformative potential of magnetic nanofluids in enhancing the dielectric properties of transformer insulating oils. By leveraging the high dielectric permittivity of Co₃O₄ nanoparticles, the research provides a pathway to improve electrical insulation, reduce hotspots, and ensure uniform electric field distribution. The findings emphasize the role of nanotechnology in advancing energy systems, paving the way for more reliable and efficient transformers, thereby addressing key challenges in modern power infrastructure.

Summary of the Study:

The study investigated the AC breakdown voltage of mineral and synthetic ester oils modified with Co₃O₄ nanoparticles. Using S-S and VDE electrode configurations, the research demonstrated improved dielectric performance of nanofluids, with the highest enhancements of 16.10% for mineral oil (S-S) and 18.76% for synthetic ester oil (VDE). The improved breakdown voltage, attributed to reduced leakage currents and uniform electric field distribution, underscores the potential of nanotechnology to revolutionize transformer insulation systems.