Advances in DC Microgrid Operations with Renewable Energy Integration and Energy Storage for Enhanced Reliability and Resilience

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ABSTRACT

This comprehensive review explores the operational dynamics of DC microgrids, focusing on integrating renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS) to enhance reliability and network resilience. DC microgrids have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable power distribution, offering superior energy efficiency, reduced transmission losses, and flexibility in accommodating diverse energy sources. This review examines key components of DC microgrids, including photovoltaic, wind, and hydropower energy sources, which contribute to reduced carbon emissions and energy security. A significant emphasis is placed on the role of ESS in mitigating the intermittency challenges of RES and stabilizing power supply. Various control methodologies and optimization strategies are critically analyzed to maximize RES utilization and ensure seamless energy management. Moreover, the review highlights operational challenges such as power balance, DC voltage regulation, and efficient planning, presenting innovative strategies to address these issues. Emerging trends and technological advancements, such as real-time control algorithms, advanced power-sharing mechanisms, and hybrid energy storage solutions, are discussed as key enablers for the next generation of DC microgrids. This study identifies critical research gaps and provides recommendations for further exploration in areas like real-time planning, advanced control systems, and ESS life-cycle improvements. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals aiming to optimize DC microgrid operations while transitioning towards a more sustainable and resilient energy future.

Significance of the Study:

This study highlights the transformative potential of DC microgrids as a sustainable and efficient energy distribution solution, integrating renewable energy sources (RES) with energy storage systems (ESS) to enhance reliability and resilience. By addressing operational challenges such as power balance and voltage regulation, the study provides valuable insights into optimizing energy management strategies. Its findings contribute to the global transition toward clean energy solutions, supporting efforts to mitigate climate change and improve energy security in both grid-connected and remote regions.

Summary of the Study:

The review examines the operational dynamics of DC microgrids, focusing on the integration of RES and ESS for enhanced efficiency and resilience. It emphasizes the benefits of DC microgrids, including reduced energy losses, simplified conversion, and superior compatibility with renewable energy technologies. Key challenges like RES intermittency, DC voltage regulation, and energy management are discussed alongside innovative solutions such as hybrid ESS and real-time control algorithms. The study underscores the potential of DC microgrids to revolutionize energy distribution while identifying critical areas for further research and technological advancements.