Enhanced Electrical Conductivity and Photocatalytic Activity of Iron–Doped CuAlO2 Nanoparticles for Sustainable Energy Applications

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ABSTRACT

This study investigates the impact of iron doping at the copper site in CuAlO₂ nanoparticles (Cu₀.₉Fe₀.₁AlO₂) on their electrical conductivity and photocatalytic activity, with a focus on energy harvesting applications. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a cost-effective sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-visible spectroscopy. Structural analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of iron into the CuAlO₂ lattice without altering the delafossite crystal structure, while optical studies revealed an absorption edge suitable for visible light applications, with a band gap of approximately 2.8 eV. Electrical measurements demonstrated a significant enhancement in conductivity, attributed to additional charge carriers introduced by Fe doping. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation, achieving 34% degradation within 140 minutes. Although the photocatalytic performance was moderate, it showcased potential for improvement through process optimization. The enhancement in electrical and photocatalytic properties was linked to improved charge carrier mobility, reduced recombination rates, and increased light absorption. This study highlights the dual functionality of Fe-doped CuAlO₂ nanoparticles, combining superior electrical conductivity with photocatalytic activity, making them promising materials for renewable energy and environmental applications. Further optimization of synthesis parameters and dopant concentration could unlock their full potential in solar energy harvesting, photocatalysis, and advanced optoelectronic devices.

Significance of the Study:

This research presents a comprehensive investigation of Fe-doped CuAlO₂ nanoparticles as multifunctional materials for renewable energy and environmental applications. By enhancing both electrical conductivity and photocatalytic activity, the study provides a framework for developing advanced materials suitable for sustainable energy harvesting, environmental remediation, and next-generation optoelectronic devices.

Summary of the Study:

Iron-doped CuAlO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol-gel method. Characterization confirmed structural integrity, reduced band gap (~2.8 eV), and improved conductivity. Photocatalytic activity achieved 34% methylene blue degradation under visible light. These enhancements stem from increased charge carrier mobility and reduced recombination.