Advancement in Magnesium Based Alloys for Hydrogen Storage: A Review

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ABSTRACT

The growing global demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions, driven by the expanding population and developing economies, has highlighted the need to address the environmental impact of fossil fuels. Hydrogen-based fuels have emerged as a promising alternative, offering a pathway to achieving energy sustainability. However, the efficient storage of hydrogen remains a significant challenge in the development of hydrogen-based energy systems. Magnesium alloys have garnered attention as a potential solution due to their high volumetric hydrogen storage capacity, making them particularly suitable for onboard hydrogen storage in applications such as transportation. This review provides an in-depth analysis of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials, focusing on their fundamental properties, hydrogenation and dehydrogenation mechanisms, and the latest advancements in the field. Magnesium hydride (MgH₂) is highlighted as a key material, known for its high hydrogen content and excellent energy density, although it faces challenges such as slow hydrogenation rates and high temperature and pressure requirements for effective hydrogen absorption. To address these issues, innovative approaches such as Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) are explored. SPD techniques, which refine the grain structure of magnesium alloys to the nanoscale, have demonstrated the ability to accelerate hydrogenation and dehydrogenation kinetics, improving the overall efficiency of magnesium-based hydrogen storage systems. This review examines the potential of magnesium hydrides in overcoming current limitations and discusses strategies for enhancing their performance. By focusing on material development, surface modification, and new processing techniques, the review underscores the importance of magnesium alloys in advancing hydrogen storage technologies.

Significance of the Study:

This study underscores the potential of magnesium-based alloys as a promising solution for hydrogen storage in clean energy systems. By addressing critical challenges such as slow hydrogenation rates, high operating temperatures, and material stability, this research highlights advancements in Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) techniques and material modifications. These innovations could pave the way for scalable, efficient, and cost-effective hydrogen storage technologies, contributing to the global transition toward sustainable energy and supporting the development of renewable energy infrastructure.

Summary of the Study:

The study reviews the potential of magnesium-based alloys for hydrogen storage, focusing on their high volumetric capacity and eco-friendliness. It examines challenges like slow kinetics, high operating conditions, and oxidation, proposing solutions such as Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD), alloying, and surface modifications. Additionally, it explores advancements in fabrication techniques and strategies for lowering operating temperatures. By addressing these limitations, the study provides insights into making magnesium-based hydrogen storage systems more viable for clean and sustainable energy applications.