An Insight into SnO2 Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications   

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ABSTRACT

Transition metal oxide-based semiconductors are a significant class of materials used in cutting-edge technology. It is important to consider the size, shape, surface charge, and the existence of both bulk and surface defects when preparing these materials: all of which are determined through the synthesis process and the conditions of experiment that significantly influences these material’s performances. Among the oxide semiconductors, the inherent properties of SnO₂ nanoparticles, n-type semiconductors with band gap in the range of 3.6-4.0 eV have interesting features like high sensitivity, good chemical and thermal stability, non-toxic and environmentally benign, rapid electron mobility, electrical conductivity, quick response, and recovery speed. Due to these excellent properties, SnO₂ nanoparticles are substantially used in transparent conductors, transistors, optoelectronic devices, and electrochemical modifiers on electrodes, gas sensors, batteries, electrochromic devices, and heterogeneous photo-catalytic applications. This review work will provide insights into various synthesis processes of SnO₂ nanoparticles and their effect on the multiple applications especially focusing on energy and environmental sustainability.

Significance of the Study:

The study underscores the vital role of SnO₂ nanoparticles in cutting-edge technology, particularly in gas sensing, energy storage, and environmental remediation. Their high surface area and oxygen vacancies enhance sensitivity and catalytic efficiency, making them ideal for detecting harmful gases and degrading pollutants. In energy storage, they improve lithium-ion battery performance and supercapacitor efficiency. Additionally, SnO₂ nanoparticles contribute to advancing photovoltaic technologies. Addressing synthesis challenges, cost, and scalability through green synthesis methods will further unlock their potential in sustainable energy and environmental applications.

Summary of the Study:

This study explores the synthesis and applications of SnO₂ nanoparticles, a key class of transition metal oxide semiconductors. With a band gap of 3.6-4.0 eV, SnO₂ nanoparticles exhibit high sensitivity, excellent thermal and chemical stability, rapid electron mobility, and superior electrical conductivity. These properties make them highly suitable for applications in transparent conductors, transistors, gas sensors, batteries, electrochromic devices, and photocatalysis. The review highlights various synthesis processes and their impact on material performance, particularly in energy and environmental sustainability.