Synthesis of Zinc–Doped Iron Oxide Nanomaterials Using Cissus Quadrangularis : Characterizations and Photocatalytic Applications  

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ABSTRACT

The growing demand for eco-friendly nanomaterials has led to an increasing focus on green synthesis approaches for metal oxide nanoparticles. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and zinc-doped iron oxide (Zn@Fe₂O₃) nanocomposites were synthesized using Cissus quadrangularis stem extract. This environmentally benign method utilizes plant-derived biomolecules as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents. The precursor solutions of ferric nitrate and zinc nitrate were mixed with the plant extract, subjected to continuous stirring, and calcined at 500°C in a muffle furnace to obtain the final nanopowders. Structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesized nanomaterials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline phase of Fe₂O₃ and Zn@Fe₂O₃, while FTIR identified functional groups involved in nanoparticle stabilization. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed a bandgap narrowing upon Zn doping, indicating enhanced photocatalytic potential. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated by methylene blue dye degradation under visible light irradiation, demonstrating superior efficiency for Zn@Fe₂O₃ compared to pure Fe₂O₃. This study highlights the potential of plant-mediated synthesis in fabricating nanomaterials with promising applications in environmental remediation. The proposed green synthesis approach offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and scalable alternative for producing metal oxide nanocomposites, reinforcing their suitability for industrial and biomedical applications.

Significance of the Study:

This study highlights the potential of plant-mediated synthesis for producing zinc-doped iron oxide nanomaterials with enhanced photocatalytic properties. By utilizing Cissus quadrangularis extract, the method offers a green, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical synthesis. The superior photocatalytic efficiency of Zn@Fe₂O₃ in dye degradation demonstrates its applicability in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. The findings contribute to advancing eco-friendly nanotechnology, paving the way for scalable, biocompatible, and industrially viable metal oxide nanocomposites.

Summary of the Study:

Zinc-doped iron oxide (Zn@Fe₂O₃) nanocomposites were synthesized via a green route using Cissus quadrangularis stem extract. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the crystalline nature, elemental composition, and stabilization by plant-derived biomolecules. Optical characterization revealed bandgap narrowing, enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. Zn@Fe₂O₃ exhibited superior methylene blue degradation under visible light compared to pure Fe₂O₃. This eco-friendly approach offers a sustainable method for fabricating nanomaterials with potential applications in environmental remediation and industrial catalysis.