Two–Dimensional Hybrid Halide Perovskites: A Promising Avenue for Photo-Rechargeable Electrochemical Supercapacitors      

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ABSTRACT

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid halide perovskites (HPs) have emerged as innovative materials for next-generation energy storage devices due to their exceptional photoactive properties and mixed electronic-ionic conductivity. This study investigates the potential of layered 2D HPs (Arg₂MA₂Sn₃Cl₁₀) for photo-rechargeable electrochemical supercapacitors, addressing the growing demand for autonomous and portable energy solutions. The HPs were synthesized using an inverse temperature crystallization approach and characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD, and FESEM to confirm their crystallinity, optical bandgap (3.67 eV), and layered morphology. Electrochemical performance was evaluated under dark and light conditions using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) techniques. The material exhibited a specific capacitance of 49.09 F/g under illumination and 43.63 F/g in darkness at 10 mV/s, indicating its photo-rechargeable capability. Additionally, energy and power densities of 20.55 Wh/kg and 80 W/kg were achieved, respectively. The results highlight the dual functionality of 2D HPs as efficient energy storage materials and light-absorbing layers, making them ideal for photo-rechargeable supercapacitor applications. This work sets the stage for further exploration of hybrid halide perovskites in integrated energy harvesting and storage systems, paving the way for advancements in sustainable and self-sufficient power solutions for portable electronics and IoT devices.

Significance of the Study:

This work demonstrates the successful synthesis of quasi 2D halide perovskites (Arg₂MA₂Sn₃Cl₁₀) with superior structural, optical, and electrochemical properties. The layered architecture exhibits excellent supercapacitive performance, including photo-rechargeable behavior under light exposure, emphasizing its potential for next-generation energy storage devices. The insights into the material’s structural and electrochemical behavior provide a foundation for designing advanced, sustainable materials for energy and optoelectronic applications.

Summary of the Study:

We synthesized quasi 2D halide perovskites (n = 3) using arginine as a bulky organic ligand. Structural, optical, and electrochemical studies revealed high crystallinity, a bandgap of 3.67 eV, and outstanding supercapacitive performance. Capacitance values under light exposure surpassed those in dark conditions, showcasing a photo-rechargeable effect. These findings establish the material’s promise for sustainable energy storage systems and highlight its multifunctional nature, bridging structural design with advanced electrochemical applications